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Archive for the ‘design pattern’ Category

花一个小时看完了书,自己写了一遍,基本明白咋回事了。需要两个接口,Source and Listener(我自己瞎起的名字),Source是那个变的,Listener是那个被通知的。

  1. Source:
    • 一个private List<Listener> listeners;
    • 一个registerListener(Listener l)函数,把l加到listeners里面去
    • 一个removeListener(Listener l)函数,把l从listeners里面删掉
    • 一个notifyAllListeners()函数,里面对于每个listener, call listener的update()。不需要加parameter,只是通知list里面的监听者“有东西改了”, 具体改的是啥,让Listener里面的update函数自己从source reference里面pull去。
  2. Listener:
    • 一个private Source s
    • 一个constructor that takes a Source obj, 初始的时候就把“听谁”(source)给联系上。
    • 一个update()函数,里面把Source s cast成自己真监听的concrete type(比如“杂志”),然后从这个s里面pull data。

重点:

  • Source的notify函数只是负责告诉listeners,有变动了,你们来pull我的data吧。不用真把动的是哪个data传过去。当然也可以pass一个para说明到底是哪个data变了,client好知道具体pull哪个data。
  • Listener的update()函数只被source的notify叫,然后函数里面取出当前obj的source reference, cast, pull data and use it.
  • Register这些东西都是在main函数里叫的。
public class Magazine implements Source {
private List<Listner> subscribers;
 private String editorName;
 public String getEditorName() {
 return editorName;
 }
public Magazine () {
 this.subscribers = new ArrayList<Listner>();
 this.editorName = "Christina";
 }

 public void changeEditorName(String newEditor) {
 this.editorName = newEditor;
 notifyListners();
 }
@Override
 public void registerListner(Listner l) {
 subscribers.add(l);
 }
@Override
 public void removeListner(Listner l) {
 if (subscribers.contains(l))
 subscribers.remove(l);
 }
@Override
 public void notifyListners() {
 for (Listner subscriber : subscribers) {
 subscriber.update();
 }
 }
public static void main(String[] args) {
 Magazine m = new Magazine();
 Subscriber sub1 = new Subscriber(m, "sub1");
 Subscriber sub2 = new Subscriber(m, "sub2");
 m.registerListner(sub1);
 m.registerListner(sub2);
 m.changeEditorName("Meredith");
 m.removeListner(sub2);
 m.changeEditorName("Alex");
 }
}

public class Subscriber implements Listner {
private Source magazine;
private String name;
private String currentEditorName;

public Subscriber(Source s, String name) {//this is how one listner bind to one subject.
this.name = name;
this.magazine = s;
}

@Override
public void update() {
//each subscriber knows the subject is a magazine, so it can cast it's subject to magazine and use this subject's properties.
String newEditor = ((Magazine) this.magazine).getEditorName();
this.currentEditorName = newEditor;
System.out.println(name + ": Updating editor name to " + newEditor);
}

Iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container’s elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled. It provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation.

这个模式可以保证不同的容器统一用一个interface来traverse,比如正常用for的话,array的traverse要用arr[i],arrayList的要用get(i),map更是得map.entrySet.get..,各种syntax不同,所以即使对每个element干的事儿一样,traverse也要写三遍,太麻烦了。如果用iterator,所有traverse统一用next()就行了。具体iterator是怎么next()的,自己再在容器里面写(大不了就三个容器都implement MyContainer,全写一遍next()函数对于该容器是怎么取下一个的。反正一劳永逸,next()一旦定义了,以后任何client都可以随便用)。其实对于ArrayList, Map之类这么长用的,java已经都给写好了iterator (e.g. List list = new List(); Iterator it = list.iterator();)。下面是例子:

  1. Container要implement Iterable<Type>
  2. Container里面写个implement Iterator<Type> 的iterator inner class
  3. Container里要有个iterator() method用来生成一个iterator
  4. Inner iterator class里面implement next(), hasNext()两个method.
public class TreeInPreOrderIterable implements Iterable<TreeNode> {
  private TreeNode root;
  private class TreeIterator implements Iterator<TreeNode> {
    Stack<TreeNode> stack;
    private TreeIterator(TreeNode root) {
      stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
      if (root != null)
        stack.push(root);
    }
    @Override
    public TreeNode next() {
      if (hasNext()) {
        TreeNode pop = stack.pop();
        if (pop.right != null)
          stack.push(pop.right);
        if (pop.left != null) 
          stack.push(pop.left);
        return pop;
      } else {
        throw new NoSuchElementException(); 
      }
    }
    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
      return !stack.isEmpty();
    }
  }
  @Override
  public Iterator<TreeNode> iterator() {
    return new TreeIterator(this.root);
  }
}

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